Over the past three weeks, we have explored the topic of financial inclusion, covering its definitions, components, drivers, and perspectives. In this installment, we argue that financial inclusion is essential for development and requires the collective effort of all economic players. This effort demands commitment, time, passion, resources, and knowledge sharing. Financial inclusion should not remain an abstract academic concept; it is crucial for economic and social development.
Given the expansive nature of financial inclusion, numerous stakeholders are involved. It is important to acknowledge some of these stakeholders and their ideal roles. The World Bank Group identifies the following as key players in advancing financial inclusion:
Government: The government is the most important player in driving financial inclusion, modernism, pro-market activism, and other initiatives. It creates an enabling environment for financial sector players to operate and provide services to the public. Governments can implement relevant legislative frameworks, offer affordable funding, provide tax incentives, disseminate information, and create specific charters and pro-market policies.
Central Banks: Central banks provide policy direction, regulation, and incentives for various economic agencies to promote financial inclusion. As a leading stakeholder, central banks hold a vantage position and regulatory authority. For example, the Bank of Botswana has made significant contributions and continues to provide guidance in this area.
Banks: Alongside other economic players such as insurance companies, capital markets, and pension houses, banks are the implementing agencies of the financial inclusion agenda. They provide primary access through digital platforms and physical infrastructure and offer services such as deposit-taking, credit, investment products, and advisory services as mandated by law.
Technology and Infrastructure Developers: These players provide the technology needed to implement financial inclusion. Mobile network operators, app developers, aggregators, national switches, and card schemes play significant roles in reaching underserved areas.
People: Rashmi Arora, in her paper "Financial Inclusion and Human Capital in Developing Asia: The Australian Connection," emphasizes the often-overlooked people factor. Financial inclusion revolves around people, whose interest in opting into financial services is critical. Exclusionary outcomes can result from deliberate decisions by individuals not to participate, highlighting the need for co-creation in financial inclusion discussions.
Financial inclusion is central to citizen participation in the economic affairs of their economies. As discussed in previous installments, one fundamental outcome of financial inclusion is poverty reduction and the improvement of people's welfare. Poverty eradication is one of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically SDG 1, which targets access to financial services. This underscores the importance of financial inclusion for sustainable development.
As different stakeholders work to promote financial inclusion, creative solutions and innovations naturally emerge. The rapid growth of mobile money, for example, illustrates how new approaches can transform economies and create employment opportunities across the continent.
Active participation of the citizenry stimulates economic activity and leads to development. It is crucial for all of us to collaborate and drive financial inclusion for the benefit and development of our communities, country, and continent.